Infiniti barely has a presence outside of the US right now, so by doing this they are trying to expand into new (and new to them) markets with the global presence of F1.
The sponsorship deal ends in two years when the current RBR Renault engine supply deal ends and coincidentally right before the new turbo era begins in 2013. Infiniti could possibly begin to supply engines (rebranded Renault engines, most likely, unless Renault fully pulls out of F1). But, yeah, they really aren't going to offer much to RBR, except money.
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While a standard engine is powered by a belt connected to the crankshaft, a turbo engine runs on its own exhaust steam, making it more energy efficient. -- CNN
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